PADI Rescue Diver Bali | Atlantis Bali Diving

New Rescue Divers often ask about whether it is legal to give a patient oxygen in an emergency, and whether it might cause medical complications. These are valid concerns, but within the scope of diving, administering oxygen in an emergency isn’t really an issue

in most areas, there are no laws prohibiting buying medical oxygen for emergency use, or administer­ing oxygen in an emergency Some areas stipulate that the individual be trained in oxygen adminis­tration (PADI Rescue Diver and/or other emer­gency oxygen diver certifications quality within the scope of dive emergencies) As long as the patient consents, in most countries there’s nothing illegal about providing oxygen in a dive emergency (if the patient is unconscious content is implied).


Only a few countries prohibit giving oxygen in an emergency. 
It has been thought that giving oxygen can make a few medical conditions worse, but theres some doubt about this now, Nonetheless, these conditions include emphysema and other lung diseases that impair individuals significantly. People suffering from these are not candidates for diving. Healthy individuals can suffer lung irritation if they breathe high oxygen concentration to long, but this takes hours – more than likely youll have the patient in professional medical care, or run out of ­emergency oxygen first. Therefore, according to DAN recommendations and current emergency care protocols, you dot have to worry about making someone worse by administering oxygen in a dive emergency

A cram is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction involving a single muscle or a series of muscle. This is happens when the body temporarily loses its ability to control the muscle.

The most common reasons for cramps are low potassium (which the body uses for muscle control), dehydration (which alter the availability of potassium and other minerals) and lack of fitness in the affected muscle group for the exercise its doing. All of these can contribute simultaneously.
 


Prevent cramps by staying well hydrated (which also reduces DCI risk) and eating a properly balanced diet. Bananas supply high potassium if you believe you need to boost your potassium levels. If you frequently experience cramps in a particular muscle group, exercise to develop those muscle

Mounting evidence in recent years points to administering emergency oxygen as one of the single most important first aid steps for a Scuba diver suspected of suffering from decompression sickness, lung overexpansion injury or near drowning. Medical case histories show repeatedly that prompt oxygen first aid can make a dramatic difference in the patient’s immediate condition and in the effectiveness of subsequent treatment. You’ll learn more about these conditions and oxygen administration later; for now let’s look at emergency oxygen equipment suitable for use by Rescue Scuba Divers.

Emergency oxygen equipment falls into three primary categories: non resuscitator demand valve units, continuous flow units, and positive pressure Resuscitator units. Rescue Scuba Divers may use the first two; the letter requires special paramedic level training because it can injure a patient if used improperly.

Non resuscitator demand valve units and continuous flow units adequately meet the needs of a Bali Scuba dive emergency

 

DIVING EMERGENCY OXYGEN 2

 

Non resuscitator demand valve units operate much like your scuba regulator. Oxygen flows only when the patient inhales, so it minimizes waste, and with a proper mask it can deliver nearly 100 percent oxygen. In addition, a rescuer can inhale from a non resuscitator demand valve unit and ventilate a non breathing patient with a high oxygen concentration (the body only consumes a small fraction of the oxygen in each breath), Bali Scuba Dive accident first aids calls for delivering the highest oxygen concentration possible for as long as possible, making the non resuscitator demand valve the best choice for rescue Scuba Diver.

Continuous flow units release oxygen continuously, so they’re more wasteful than non resuscitator demand valve units. Fixed continuous flow units usually deliver six or 10 liters per minute; adjustable usually deliver up to 25 liters per minute. With the proper flow (15liters per minute recommended) and a non rebreather mask with reservoir bag, continuous flow units can deliver more than 90 percent oxygen, but with low flow rates and/or an improper mask, the concentration may remain below 60 percent. 

By using a pocket mask, you can ventilate a non breathing patient with partially oxygenated air using a continuous flow unit(more about pocket masks and rescue breathing later). Most non resuscitator demand valve systems have multifunction regulators that can be used continuous flow so you dont sacrifice this benefit.

 

DIVING EMERGENCY OXYGEN 3

 

Emergency oxygen comes in differing tank sizes, and internationally, you may encounter different valve configurations, so it’s a good idea to check the local standards when traveling. Ideally, carry a big enough supply to keep a patient on pure 0xygen until in the hands of emergency medical care. However, some very remote dive destinations may make this impractical or impossible; carry as much oxygen as you reasonably can. Some oxygen is better than none at all. For general purposes, 637 liters of oxygen (22.5 cubic feet; even imperial system countries usually measure medical oxygen in liters), can be expected to last approximately 40 to 50 minutes, depending upon whether used with a non resuscitator demand valve or continuous flow.

Like your first aid kit, your oxygen equipment needs a case that can withstand the rigors of diving, ideally one in which you can store your equipment set up and ready to go. Most commercially available oxygen systems for Scuba divers come equipped with a suitable case. Most airlines won’t let you bring a pressurized oxygen tank aboard the plane when you travel. If you frequent distant destinations that may not have oxygen on site (i.e., remote locations that lack  Bali scuba dive resorts) you can also get systems that have everything except the oxygen tank. Instead, you rent the oxygen tank at your destination and bring it to the dive site.

On a Bali Scuba dive charter boat and most private boat, you may need to get help with the marine radio. Folloe the international protocol for getting help in an immediately life threatening emergency, non Bali Scuba diving :Turn the radio to channer 16, (hailing/distress channel)
 


Transmit mayday, mayday, mayday. This is … (give the boat name and registration number) Our location is … (give position by best mean possible, latitude/longitude or landmark). We have an injured scuba diver who needs immediate medical attention and we request assistance. Wait two or three minutes for a response before trying again.

Depending upon your location, local coast guard,  may respond. Alternatively, you may get responses from other boats prepared to help. Local authorities will refer you to another channel to continue communication to keep channel 16 clear. Repeat the designated channel and switch.After switching, transmit, (authority name), this is (your boat name). Always name whom you’re calling first, who’s you are second.Note that mayday distress call may only be used for life threatening emergencies.

Performance means how you deal with problems if they occur despite your preparation and prevention steps. Performance may make the difference between whether your problem remains an incon­venience, or whether it degenerates into a full­ fledged emergency. Performance means taking the correct action calmly and decisively, even though you may only have a few seconds to act and decide.
 


When you encounter a potentially serious problem – whether your own problem or someone else’s – do what you‘ve been taught since your open Water Scuba Diver course: First, stop what you’re doing . Second, breathe normally . This helps calm you and clear your thinking. Third, think, of the most direct, simple way to overcome or correct the problem.

 

DIVING PERFORMANCE 2

 

If your action doesn’t relieve the situation after one or two tries, start over: stop, breathe, think, act. These four steps may sound as if they take a lot of time in an emergency, but they really only take moments. More importantly, by training yourself to follow them, you avoid blind, instinctive reactions that are often ineffective or make the situation worse. Through practice and training like you receive in this course, and by mentally rehearsing how to respond in various situations, you’ll be able to act correctly, decisively and calmly when facing a problem.

Again, your training prior to Rescue Scuba Diver has laid the foundation for proper performance when facing many self rescue situations. For example, you’re familiar with establishing buoyancy at the surface by inflating your BCD or ditching your weights. You’ve developed air way control so you can breathe past small amounts of water in your snorkel or regulator, and you know basic self rescue through cramp releases. Obviously, you’ll want to practice these and other self rescue skills periodically to keep them sharp, and as a Rescue Scuba Diver, you should be familiar with some additional self rescue considerations.

 

DIVING PERFORMANCE 3

 

In the PADI Open Water Scuba Diver course, you learned several ways to handle running low on or out of air, including using an alternate air source. This usually means using your buddy’s extra second stage, but consider using an independent alternate air source (pony bottle or self contained ascent bottle) for more self reli­ance, especially when diving in more challenging environments such as currents, limited visibility or depths below 18 metres/60 feet. Since pony bottles and self contained ascent bottles hold addi­tional air and function independently from your primary scuba, you can make a safe independent ascent in the event of unexpected air supply loss. Of course, you and your buddy should always plan your dives with an ample air reserve so you don’t run out in the first place.

You probably recall that vertigo is the unpleasant experience of losing your orientation when ascend­ing or descending so that you can’t tell whether you’re going up or down. Dizziness often accompa­nies vertigo, with potential hazards if you become significantly disoriented. To reestablish orientation quickly, make contact with a stationary reference, such as an ascent/descent line or the bottom. If you’re in midwater and lack a stationary reference, checking your depth gauge and watching your bubbles may reorient you. It often helps to make contact with your buddy.

Physical stress arises from forces on the Scuba divers body that approach or exceed the body’s physical limitations. Causes of’ physical stress can include cold, seasick­ness, nitrogen narcosis, fatigue, illness or injury, drugs or alcohol, and discomfort and reduced mobility due to poor equipment fit and adjustment. Whether these cause significant stress depends on the Scuba diver’s physique; for ex­ample, a long walk in full equipment stresses someone in good shape less than someone who doesn’t exercise regularly.
 


In cold water. a Scuba diver in a wet suit may develop hypothermia after an extended period. while another in a dry suit may be fine. Stressors that have no affect on a Scuba diver one day may create stress the next: for example, a  Scuba diver may be able to make a long swim without difficulty, yet develop leg cramps the next day due to partial dehydration.

 

DIVING PHYSICAL STRESS 2

 

Physical stress can also be more subtle, such as a mask that leaks continuously or discomfort due to a sinus squeeze. Annoyances like these distract a Scuba diver, sometimes causing him to overlook or neglect something important, thereby leading to a more serious problem.

There’s no way to eliminate many of the potential physical stress causes in a Bali Scuba dive environment: cold, the walk to the beach, a rolling boat, a long surface swim to the Bali Scuba dive site. Preventing stress therefore lies with the  Scuba diver, who, for example, wears proper exposure protection, maintains physical fitness, takes anti seasickness medications (if necessary), or makes a long surface swim at a relaxed pace, respectively. If conditions exist beyond the Scuba diver’s physical ability to cope, the Scuba diver should cancel the Bali Scuba dive. However, as a PADI Rescue Scuba Diver, realize that  Scuba divers – including you – may not perceive that they’re pushing or exceeding their physical limits until excessive stress has already begun. The primary danger with physical stress, therefore, is failing to recognize its effects.

Although no resuscitator demand valve oxygen equipment shares characteristic with scuba equipment, it has handling considerations that differ from your Bali Scuba dive gear. This is because pure oxygen can make normally nonflammable material combustible or event explosive. With proper handling, oxygen systems are perfect safe to have around; just keep these points in minds:Keep your unit clean, in the box, particularly avoiding contact with grease, oils or even silicone grease. Never attempt to lubricate oxygen equipment or use standard scuba part in it. Pure oxygen requires that only special lubricants and materials come in contact.
 


Always open valve on oxygen equipment slowly, so as to pressurize the unit slowly. Rapid pressurization creates heat, which can spark a fire if any flammable material have contaminated the equipment.Keep your unit assembled to minimize the possibility of contaminants getting into it. Wash your hands if possible before handling your equipment; in an emergency, at least try to wipe off any oils or grease (including suntan lotions and oils).

Never attempt to clean the equipments yourself. Oxygen servicing requires special cleaners and procedures. Id your equipment gets wet or contaminated in any way, it needs professional servicing by someone specifically trained to work on medical oxygen system.Always extinguish any source of flame (such as cigarettes) before deploying oxygen. Use the equipment as far away possible from engine, gasoline or anything combustible, preferably in a ventilated area.

Logically speaking, few if any Scuba divers would rather have an accident than lose face or be embarrassed among their peers. yet on an emotional level, peer pressure can be powerful, sometimes leading people to do things that they otherwise wouldnt among Scuba divers, this can lead to accident. as a rescue Scuba diver, you can help prevent this by setting a good example. If you dont feel comfortable making a Bali Scuba dive. This shows others that theres no shame in being a smart, careful Scuba diver. 

Some Bali Scuba dive communities, especially cave Scuba divers, apply the following guideline: any  Scuba diver can end any Bali Scuba dive at any time for any reason with no explanation. When you accept this, peer pressure goes the other way-it pressures Scuba divers to speak up when they don’t feel good about a  Bali Scuba dive. Adopting this guideline turns peer pressure into a positive force that help Scuba diver safety.
 


Finally, an easy way to cancel or abort a Bali Scuba dive without embarrassment is to signal or say I cant equalizer after all, who but the Scuba diver really knows?

Since you’ll be practicing pocket mask use during your PADI Rescue Scuba Diver course, youll want to disinfect your pocket mask before transferring it from one person to the next. 

The easiest way to do this is to do this soak the mask for at least a minute in a sanitizing solution of 50 milliliters / 1/4 cup house bleach to 4.5 liters / 1 gallon of water. Rinse the mask thoroughly in fresh water and shake dry. Dry any excess with a clean towel. 

You can also use this on other plastic rescue equipment, including the no vented masks used on no resuscitator demand oxygen systems. Dont attempt to sanitize any other oxygen system component except masks, however.

As mentioned earlier, you have the option of using a pocket mask, also known as a resuscitator mask or mask to, provide oxygen for a non breathing patient. This is one of three uses that have made the pocket mask highly recommended equip­ment for Rescue Scuba Divers.
 


Although you learn effective mouth to mouth rescue breathing in MEDIC FIRST AID, it’s a good idea to have a pocket mask when giving ventilations to a non breathing patient, even without oxygen. A pocket mask simplifies getting an effective seal and patient head positioning, and it also reduces worries about disease transmission between you and the patient. The mask eliminates actual mouth contact, and the disposable one way valve directs patient’s exhaled breath away from you.

 

POCKET MASKS 2

 

The third reason you’ll want a pocket mask as a PADI Rescue Scuba Diver is to provide in water rescue breathing for a non breathing victim. You’ll find pocket mask use one of the most generally effective methods for performing this type of rescue. Under your instructor’s supervision, you’ll practice in water rescues with the pocket mask during your Rescue Scuba Diver course. 

Once you discover how much a pocket mask can enhance your rescue efforts, you’ll want to make one a standard part of your equipment. Most types fit easily in your BCD pocket (they collapse for storage) with the retaining strap wrapped around it. Some Scuba divers like to keep theirs in a case with a short lanyard to minimize the chance of loss. Simply rinse the mask after Bali Scuba diving with the rest of your gear, and it will last for years.

Self reliance and self rescue begin by preparing yourself physicall and mentally, and by preparing your equipment. 

Your physical preparation includes keeping yourself in good fitness and health for Bali Scuba diving, including a proper diet, appro­priate exercise and maintaining your Bali Scuba dive skills. Mental prepara­tion includes being confident about and feeling well about each Bali Scuba dive you make. You do this by having the skills and experience necessary for the Bali Scuba dive, and not exceeding your limits.
 


You prepare your equipment by becoming familiar with it, so you can inspect it for potential problems and so you can maintain it properly. Equipment preparation includes regular servicing, proper adjust­ment, and Bali Scuba diving properly weighted (over weighting is a common con­tributor to Scuba diver problems). Equip­ment preparation also means that you’re familiar with your buddy’s equipment, including weight release and alternate air source type and location and having signaling devices such as safety sausages and whistle with you on ever Bali Scuba dive. You can learn more about Bali Scuba dive equip­ment types, function, maintenance and adjustment by completing the PADI Equipment specialist course

As mentioned, the most basic Rescue Scuba Diver skill is preventing problems before they occur. You can prevent problems by having your equipment maintained regularly and by inspecting it carefully before. each Bali Scuba dive, correcting anything out of adjustment, worn or functioning poorly before the Bali Scuba dive. You also prevent problems by thinking ahead and anticipating potential problems. For example, if you’ll be swimming against a mild current, you may realize that you’ll use air faster than usual. To prevent problems, you plan to stay close to shore, check your air often and head for the exit with a larger air reserve than usual.

Prevention also means recognizing problems like overexertion, hypothermia, vertigo, etc., soon enough to head them off. For example, if you were swimming hard against surge, you may find yourself breathing hard and becoming overexerted. By stopping immediately and resting, you prevent the problem from growing into a serious situation that might require your buddy to assist you.

Psychological stress is stress due to the Scuba diver’s reaction to per­ceived “threats” in the environment, including perceived causes of actual body harm, and “threats” to the self esteem. The Scuba diver’s beliefs and attitudes play major role in psychological stress, so that the stressor may be imagined as well as real. 

Psychological stress often results from physical stess. For example, a Scuba diver might become very tired during a long swim, triggering a fear that he might not make it to the boat, or, a Scuba diver might miscalculate and run out of air, triggering the fear that he will drown. Overexertion, which can cause a Scuba diver to demand air faster than a regulator can effectively deliver it, can trigger fears of air starvation and suffocation. Any form of physical stress can trigger psychological stress if it triggers fears or anxiety about whether the Scuba diver can cope with the situation. 
 


Psychological stress can also arise from internal reactions, including task loading (trying to accom­plish too much at once), peer pressure, the percep­tion that a Bali Scuba dive is beyond the Scuba diver’s abilities, and the belief that particular hazards exist on the Bali Scuba dive (real or imagined). Psychological stress can even arise when, due to distance traveled or money spent, a Scuba diver pressures himself to Bali Scuba dive when he’d rather not.

 

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS 2

 

As with physical stress, the effect of a psychological stressor depends upon the Scuba diver. For example, suppose three Scuba divers are about to make their first Bali Scuba dive in a current with a group. All three have fears about getting swept away in the current, and all three aren’t sure whether they’re up to the Bali Scuba dive. 

The first Scuba diver reacts by talking to the Bali Scuba dive master.He doesnt express his concerns, but asks the Bali Scuba dive master to repeat the procedures. After hearing the procedures again, the Scuba diver concludes that the Bali Scuba dive is a new experience, but within his abilities. In this case, the Scuba diver reacted by seeking additional knowledge, which altered his beliefs (fears) and allowed him to be confident, reducing the stress to an acceptable level.

The second Scuba diver announces that he’s reconsidered the Bali Scuba dive and has decided against it. This Scuba diver doesn’t believe he loses face by doing this, or perceives that the risk of the Bali Scuba dive outweighs an embarrassment that may result. In this case, the Bali Scuba dive master didnt reassure the Scuba diver reacted by removing the stressor.

The Bali Scuba dive masters procedures also didn’t reassure the third Scuba diver; however, this Scuba diver feels he will lose face if he doesn’t Bali Scuba dive. In this case, the Scuba diver continues to prepare for the Bali Scuba dive, and stress rises unchecked.

 

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS 3

 

The real hazard of psychological stress lies in its manifestation with the Scuba diver. As stress rises, the Scuba diver may experience anxiety, become distracted and suffer impaired function. He may suffer decreased awareness, called perceptual narrowing, which causes him to overlook things that would normally be obvious. This can set up the very thing the Scuba diver fears; for example, the third Scuba diver in the previous example, experiencing perceptual narrowing, fails to notice a worn fin strap. After entering the water, the strap breaks and he loses the fin as he struggles to reach the swim line; without the fin, he misses the line and gets carried away by the current. With his fear realized, his likely psychological response is to trigger more fears, raising his anxiety still farther, probably to the panic point unless something or someone intervenes. 

Psychological stress also sets off physiological responses in the Scuba diver’s body, which may be physical stressors themselves. The Scuba diver may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or a need to urinate. The person may become tense and have muscular trem­ors or a headache. Adrenaline may accelerate the heart, or cause an irregular heart beat and chest pains. Breathing accelerates, too. If the Scuba diver’s underwater, the breathing rate can exceed what the regulator can deliver, creating a sensation and suffocation. At the surface, the Scuba diver may hyperventilate and have trouble getting air through his snorkel or in splashing waves. This makes anxiety rise further, triggering even more breathing and a greater sensation that the Scuba diver can’t get enough air.

 

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS 4

 

The result is a vicious cycle of psychological and physical stress:rising fear,shallow,ineffective breathing and involuntary stress responses. As the stress rises, the Scuba diver’s emotions may exceed his ability to control them, so that he panics, abandoning new or seldom used Bali Scuba dive skills for random, instinctive skills. This will lead to exhaustion and unless a rescue intervenes, an accident, as shown in the Stress Management Chart. Note that physical stress due to overexertion easily sets off this psychological cycle because the Scuba diver experiences air starvation, leading to emotional stress, elevated breathing (stress response), anxiety, etc. If the Scuba diver doesn’t recognize what’s happening, what starts as a hard swim could end in an irrational, panicked ascent.

Another possible response to high stress occurs when an emergency doesnt happen. If the perceived threat was immediate and specific, when nothing happens the Scuba diver relaxes. However, when the perceived threat is continuous and/or general, the Scuba diver remains stressed – anticipating an emergency that doesn’t come – with possible trembling, erratic breathing and high heart rate. This state of anxiety can compromise motor func­tions, control and hold the Scuba diver in a distracted, perceptually narrowed state until the Bali Scuba dive ends or the perceived threat passes. Again, the real hazard may be the Scuba diver’s impaired responses while Bali Scuba diving, rather than the perceived threat.

  • Because stress can play a pivotal role in causing and complicating Scuba diver emergencies, as a Rescue Scuba Diver you need to learn to recognize stress in both yourself and other Scuba divers. This enables you to prevent stress-caused emergencies, and to manage emergencies more effectively when they happen.
     


    To recognize stress, you apply two broad steps. First, you observe Scuba diver behavior characteristics that indicate stress. These characteristics usually, but not always, manifest themselves as a behavior change. Second, you verify the meaning of the behavior. Most of the time, you simply ask the Scuba diver about what you observed.

 

RECOGNIZING STRESS 2

 

Stress signs can be subtle or overt, and they can be confused with other behav­iors that have nothing to do with stress, so both steps are important. For example, suppose you see a Scuba diver standing with folded arms before a Bali Scuba dive. You check for cold (physical stress) by noting what clothing the Scuba diver wears, whether he’s shivering. What you see may confirm or refute your suspicion, but the surest action is simply to ask the Scuba diver, “Are you cold?”

Psychological stress sings often appear as behavior changes; for example, a talkative Scuba diver may become quiet and withdrawn, while a quiet Scuba diver may start chattering and asking many questions. A Scuba diver experiencing psychological stress pre Bali Scuba dive may laugh, be angry, or procrastinate and delay the Bali Scuba dive. Underwater, look for changes in normal abilities, rapid breathing, equipment complications and unnecessary hand or fin sculling. A Scuba diver who is near panic and has perceptual narrowing may not respond to signals, may have wide, unseeing eyes, and may keep repeating an incorrect or ineffective response to a problem. At the surface, a highly stressed Scuba diver may release his regulator and push off his mask (equipment rejection), and tread high in the water with an empty BCD and weights still in place; such a Scuba diver is on the verge of complete panic.

 

RECOGNIZING STRESS 3

 

Because stress can play a pivotal role in causing and complicating Scuba diver emergencies, as a Rescue Scuba Diver you need to learn to recognize stress in both yourself and other Scuba divers. This enables you to prevent stress-caused emergencies, and to manage emergencies more effectively when they happen.

To recognize stress, you apply two broad steps. First, you observe Scuba diver behavior characteristics that indicate stress. These characteristics usually, but not always, manifest themselves as a behavior change. Second, you verify the meaning of the behavior. Most of the time, you simply ask the Scuba diver about what you observed.

 

 

Although minor problems arise on virtually every Bali Scuba dive, they don’t usually lead to significant Scuba diver stress, anxiety or panic. This is because Scuba divers, through their training and experience, know how to handle the vast majority of problems they face. When faced with a problem, Scuba divers normally apply solution thinking and solve the problem based on their training and experience. This follows the desired path shown in the Stress Management Chart. When a Scuba diver goes down the other path, your goal is to break the cycle of instinctive reactions, stress, stress responses and anxiety, and replace it with the Scuba diver stopping, breathing, thinking and acting.

The preferred place to manage stress is on the boat or shore, before the Bali Scuba dive. If; based on observations and tactful questions you uncover undue stress, encourage the Scuba diver to apply analytical, solution thinking. Talk gently to the Scuba diver, avoiding sound­ing judgmental and avoiding strong opinions. It’s often effective to ask (not tell) the Scuba diver about the situation with questions that uncover concerns and lead to solutions

 

STRESS MANAGEMENT 2

 

You might begin by asking if anything about the Bali Scuba dive bothers the Scuba diver. If the answer is, “Yes,” follow that by asking what about it concerns the Scuba diver, gradually leading the Scuba diver to a solution that ends the stress. This could mean you give the Scuba diver new information that relieves the concern, or it could mean the Scuba diver becomes comfortable with aborting the Bali Scuba dive. In the process, be careful to avoid encouragement that could be taken as peer pressure.

If you uncover stress underwater, stop the Scuba diver on the pretext that you need to stop if necessary This forces the Scuba diver to stop and breathe normally. Signal, “Are you okay?” or something more specific if you suspect the source of stress. If the Scuba diver answers, “No,” you’re on the right track; follow this with signals that identify the problem and lead to solution thinking. If the Scuba diver signals, “I’m okay,” you’ll need to determine whether you were mistaken about the stress, or whether the Scuba diver doesn’t feel comfortable about admitting the problem.

By consistently being alert for signs of stress, you can head off many stress related problems before they become accidents. however, stress manifests, it self too many ways and springs from too many sources to believe that anyone,no matter how skilled, can prevent All cases of Scuba diver panic and emergencies.

In the PADI MFA program. you learn to begin any first aid/CPR by telling the patient, “I’m trained in emergency procedures. I can help you.” even if he’s unconscious. There are several reasons why this helps:

It reassures a responsive patient. The statement was developed by therapists who design constructive soothing statements. The statement assures the patient that you know what to do, and that you intend to help. This gets him to relax and cooperate in your efforts to help. Experience shows that apparently unconscious patients can sometimes hear, so the statement may reassure someone who seems otherwise unable to hear you

The statement alerts by standers that youre qualified and prepared to help. Usually, those who dont know what to to will take your lead, so that you can more effectively manage the situations.The statement helps responding emergency personnel recognize that your emergency care follow the same protocols they use.

The statement triggers your memory, helping you do what do you were trained during MFA. After actual emergencies, MFA trained rescuers frequently comment, I gave the emergency procedure statement and everything came back to me. I knew what to do without even thingking.There are several variations of statement, all of which serve the same purpose: to reassure the patient and help you gain the control of the situation until professional help arrive